Massive MIMO Indoor Transmissions at 38 and 65 GHz Applying Novel HBF Techniques for 5G

The 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership (5GPPP) has recently published a white paper about 5G service indoors, since up to now, it had mainly focused on the outdoors. In an indoor environment, the requirements are different since the propagation mechanism differs from other scenarios. Furthermore, previous works have shown that space frequency block code (SFBC) techniques applied to multiple antennas improve performance compared to single-input single-output (SISO) systems. This paper presents an experimental study in an indoor environment regarding the performance of a massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) millimeter-wave (mmWave) system based on the 5G New Radio (NR) standard in two frequency bands. In a first step, the 38 and 65 GHz bands are compared by applying a low-complexity hybrid beamforming (HBF) algorithm. In a second step, the throughput and the maximum achievable distance are studied using a new algorithm that combines the SFBC technique and HBF. Results show, at 38 GHz with HBF and aggregated bandwidths (4 × 100 MHz), a maximum throughput of 4.30 Gbit/s up to 4.1 m. At 65 GHz, the SFBC + HBF algorithm improves the communication distance by 1.34, 1.61, or 1.75 m for bandwidths of 100, 200, or 400 MHz, respectively.