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Alternative In Vitro Methods for the Determination of Viral Capsid Structural Integrity

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Published on: November 16, 2017

Inactivation Methods for Experimental Nipah Virus Infection.

Lina Widerspick^1,2, Cecilia Alejandra Vázquez³, Linda Niemetz^1,2

¹WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.

|May 28, 2022

Summary

Nipah virus (NiV) inactivation methods were evaluated for safe handling. Nineteen physical and chemical methods effectively inactivated NiV in samples, providing crucial guidance for biosafety level 4 laboratories.

Keywords:

BSL-4 Nipah virus RT-qPCR immunofluorescence inactivation plaque assay syncytia

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Area of Science:

Virology
Infectious Diseases
Biosafety

Background:

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus causing severe human and livestock disease.
NiV requires handling in Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories due to its pathogenicity and lack of treatments.
Validated inactivation methods are essential for safe processing of NiV samples in lower containment.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy of common physical and chemical inactivation methods for Nipah virus.
To identify reliable methods for inactivating NiV in infected cells, supernatants, and organs.
To provide a reference for safe and efficient NiV sample handling in BSL-4 facilities.

Main Methods:

Evaluation of multiple physical and chemical inactivation techniques, including combinations.
Assessment of NiV inactivation in infected cells, cell culture supernatants, and organ tissues.
Monitoring of viral replication for three weeks post-treatment.
Detection of NiV presence using RT-qPCR, plaque assays, and indirect immunofluorescence.

Main Results:

Nineteen distinct inactivation methods were tested for their efficacy against NiV.
All nineteen methods successfully reduced infectious NiV particles to undetectable levels.
Efficacy was confirmed across various sample types: infected cells, supernatants, and organs.

Conclusions:

Several validated methods exist for the safe and efficient inactivation of Nipah virus.
These findings offer practical guidance for BSL-4 laboratories handling NiV samples.
The study provides a crucial reference for mitigating NiV transmission risks.