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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

37.5K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.0K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.0K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.2K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.7K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.7K

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Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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Mechanochemical Post-Polymerization Modification: Solvent-Free Solid-State Synthesis of Functional Polymers.

Nuri Ohn1, Jeung Gon Kim1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Institute of Physical Science, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 28, 2022
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Summary

This study demonstrates solvent-free polymer modification using mechanochemistry. High-speed ball milling enables rapid Schiff base formation, creating diverse macromolecules efficiently and sustainably.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Postpolymerization modification is crucial for tailoring macromolecule properties.
  • Traditional methods often rely on solvents, posing environmental concerns.
  • Developing solvent-free synthetic routes is a key goal in sustainable chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel mechanochemical approach for postpolymerization modification.
  • To synthesize a library of functionalized macromolecules efficiently and without solvents.
  • To explore solid-state Schiff base formation using high-speed ball milling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-speed ball milling for mechanochemical reactions.
  • Performing solid-state Schiff base formation between polymers derived from 4-vinylbenzaldehyde (4-VBA) and various amines.
  • Employing solvent-free conditions for all synthetic steps.

Main Results:

  • Achieved fast and efficient synthesis of a polymer library.
  • Demonstrated functional diversity and structural uniformity in the synthesized macromolecules.
  • Confirmed the elimination of chemical solvents, aligning with green chemistry principles.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanochemical postpolymerization modification via high-speed ball milling is a viable and efficient strategy.
  • This solvent-free method offers a green alternative for synthesizing functional macromolecules.
  • The technique facilitates rapid imine formation, enabling diverse polymer functionalization.