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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Isolating Intestinal Stem Cells from Adult Drosophila Midguts by FACS to Study Stem Cell Behavior During Aging
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Nutrition and stem cell integrity in aging.

P J Stover1, M S Field2, H N Brawley1

  • 1Texas A&M AgriLife Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.

Journal of Internal Medicine
|May 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult stem cells (SCs) have unique nutritional needs crucial for organ regeneration and healthy aging. Understanding SC nutrition is vital for developing dietary guidelines to reduce chronic disease and promote longevity.

Keywords:
agingchronic diseasemetabolismnutritionstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cell Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Adult stem cells (SCs) drive organismal regeneration and are key to healthy aging.
  • The stem cell niche, including its nutritional environment, is critical for SC maintenance and function.
  • SCs exhibit distinct metabolic profiles and nutrient requirements compared to differentiated cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the unique metabolic properties and nutritional needs of adult stem cells.
  • To explore the role of stem cell nutrition in healthy aging and age-related diseases.
  • To highlight the understudied contribution of stem cell nutrition to human dietary requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Review of a 3-day symposium by the Marabou Foundation.
  • Examination of scientific literature on stem cell metabolism and nutrition.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of stem cell nutrient needs across the lifespan.

Main Results:

  • SCs possess unique metabolic pathways and conditional nutrient demands.
  • Nutrition significantly influences SC quantity, quality, and regenerative potential.
  • Lifespan, health status, and physiological states modify SC nutritional requirements.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding stem cell nutrition is fundamental for developing targeted dietary strategies.
  • Optimizing nutrition for SCs can potentially mitigate age-related chronic diseases.
  • Further research is needed to establish specific nutrient and food-based recommendations for stem cell health.