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Frequency and Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury in patients with COVID-19

Muhammad Anees1, Omair Farooq2, Muhammad Raza3

  • 1Prof. Muhammad Anees, MBBS, FCPS (Nephrology). Consultant Nephrologist, Farooq Hospital, West Wood Branch, Lahore, Pakistan.

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
|May 31, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Half of COVID-19 patients developed Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Key risk factors included older age, prolonged hospitalization, hypoxemia, hypoalbuminemia, diabetes mellitus, and elevated inflammatory markers, highlighting critical areas for intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has been associated with various complications, including kidney injury.
  • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a significant concern in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, potentially increasing morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19.
  • To identify the underlying risk factors associated with AKI development in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study analyzed medical records of 176 patients admitted to a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between April and June 2020.
  • COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed via RT-PCR. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (sCr) of ≥ 0.3 mg/dl from baseline.
  • Data collected included demographics, clinical status, and laboratory results at admission.

Main Results:

  • The study included 176 patients, with a mean age of 51.26 years; 78.4% were male.
  • The overall frequency of AKI among COVID-19 patients was 51.1%.
  • Significant risk factors for AKI included increasing age (OR=2.10), COVID-19 symptoms (OR=6.62), prolonged hospital stay (OR=2.26), hypoxemia (OR=5.98), leukocytosis (OR=2.91), lymphopenia (OR=5.77), hypoalbuminemia (OR=4.94), elevated CRP (OR=6.20), and raised D-dimers (OR=3.16). Diabetes Mellitus showed a trend towards significance (OR=1.81).

Conclusions:

  • AKI affects approximately half of COVID-19 patients.
  • Key risk factors for AKI in COVID-19 patients are increasing age, prolonged hospital stay, hypoxemia, hypoalbuminemia, diabetes mellitus, and elevated inflammatory markers.
Abstract

Keywords:
AKICOVID-19HypoxemiaIncreasing ageInflammatory markersProlonged hospital stay

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