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Physical exercise improves mitochondrial function in ovariectomized rats.

Daniele Leão Ignacio1,2, Rodrigo Soares Fortunato3, Diego Silvestre1

  • 1School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The Journal of Endocrinology
|May 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Exercise training improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats by enhancing oxidative metabolism. This occurs independently of increased mitochondrial content, suggesting a novel mechanism for counteracting estrogen deficiency effects.

Keywords:
exercisemitochondrialovariectomyrats

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Estrogen deficiency, often seen post-ovariectomy (Ovx), leads to metabolic disorders and impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.
  • Physical exercise is known to enhance mitochondrial content and function in skeletal muscle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if exercise training can counteract estrogen deficiency-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of Ovx rats.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying exercise's effects on mitochondrial function in the absence of estrogen.

Main Methods:

  • Ovariectomized (Ovx) and sham-operated rats underwent 8 weeks of treadmill exercise training (60-65% maximal capacity) or remained sedentary.
  • Assessed body weight, fat accumulation, muscle lactate production, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, citrate synthase activity, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α expression.

Main Results:

  • Exercised Ovx rats showed reduced fat accumulation and body weight gain compared to sedentary controls.
  • Exercise training decreased muscle lactate production and restored soleus muscle mitochondrial oxygen consumption in Ovx rats.
  • While exercise increased mitochondrial content (citrate synthase activity) in sham rats, it did not in Ovx rats, yet mitochondrial respiratory capacity was normalized, indicating improved efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise training effectively sustains skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in estrogen-deficient rats.
  • The beneficial effects of exercise on mitochondrial function in Ovx rats are achieved through a mechanism independent of increased mitochondrial content, suggesting enhanced oxidative phosphorylation efficiency.