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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

298
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
298
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

629
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
629
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

294
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
294
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

531
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
531
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

695
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
695
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

210
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
210

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

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[Epilepsy in the elderly].

Christian Tilz1

  • 1Klinik für Neurologie, Epileptologie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg.

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|May 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy diagnosis in the elderly requires special attention due to different causes and often non-motor symptoms. Long-term video-EEG monitoring (LTVEM) is crucial for accurate diagnosis of elderly epilepsy.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Epilepsy incidence is rising in the elderly due to increased life expectancy.
  • Elderly epilepsy often presents with symptomatic causes and atypical, non-motor seizures.
  • Accurate diagnosis is challenging due to inconclusive clinical presentations and differential diagnosis from other conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for epilepsy in the elderly population.
  • To emphasize the importance of advanced diagnostic tools for elderly epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical aspects and diagnostic challenges in elderly epilepsy.
  • Emphasis on long-term video-EEG monitoring (LTVEM) as a key diagnostic tool.
  • Consideration of home video registration as an alternative when LTVEM is not feasible.

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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Main Results:

  • Elderly epilepsy has distinct etiologies, with a higher prevalence of symptomatic cases.
  • Seizures in the elderly frequently lack motor symptoms, complicating diagnosis.
  • LTVEM is identified as the most accurate method for diagnosing seizures in this demographic.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of epilepsy in the elderly necessitates specialized approaches.
  • LTVEM and home video are vital for diagnosing inconclusive seizures in older adults.
  • Treatment must account for comorbidities and metabolic changes common in the elderly.