Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 21, 2025
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function
Published on: January 26, 2024
Dose-Response Relationship Between Life-Space Mobility and Mortality in Older Japanese Adults: A Prospective Cohort
Daiki Watanabe1, Tsukasa Yoshida2, Yosuke Yamada3
1Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, Japan; National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka City, Kyoto, Japan.
Objectives:
Some epidemiological studies of older American adults have reported a relationship between life-space mobility (LSM) and mortality. However, these studies did not show a dose-response relationship and did not include individuals from other countries. Therefore, we evaluated the dose-response relationship between LSM and mortality in older adults.
Design:
Prospective cohort study.
Setting And Participants:
We used the data of 10,014 older Japanese adults (aged ≥65 years) who provided valid responses to the Life-Space Assessment (LSA) in the Kyoto-Kameoka study in Japan.
Methods:
LSM was evaluated using the self-administered LSA consisting of 5 items regarding life-space from person's bedroom to outside town. The LSM score was calculated by multiplying life-space level by frequency score by independence score, yielding a possible range of 0 (constricted life-space) to 120 (broad life-space). These scores were categorized into quartiles (Qs). Mortality data were collected from July 30, 2011 to November 30, 2016. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model that included baseline covariates were used to evaluate the relationship between LSM score and mortality risk.
Results:
A total of 1030 deaths were recorded during the median follow-up period of 5.3 years. We found a negative association between LSM score and overall mortality even after adjusting for confounders [Q1: reference; Q2: hazard ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.69-0.95; Q3: HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59-0.85; Q4: HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.55-0.84, P for trend < .001]. Similar results were observed for the spline model; up to a score of 60 points, LSM showed a strong dose-dependent negative association with mortality, but no significant differences were observed thereafter (L-shaped relationship).
Conclusions And Implications:
Our findings demonstrate an L-shaped relationship between LSM and mortality. This study will be useful in establishing target values for expanding the range of mobility among withdrawn older adults with a constricted life-space.
Related Concept Videos
01:03Dose-Response Relationship: Overview
02:20Longitudinal Research
01:20Lifestyle Factors and Health
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
01:22Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy
01:29Bias in Epidemiological Studies
01:19The Effect of Aging on Tissues