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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Two-dimensional nanomaterials for tumor microenvironment modulation and anticancer therapy.

Miaomiao Wu1, Xueming Niu1, Run Zhang1

  • 1Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.

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Summary

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials show promise for cancer therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review highlights 2D nanomaterials for TME-based cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Keywords:
2D nanomaterialsCancer theranosticsTME modulationTME responsive cancer therapyTumor microenvironment (TME)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials offer unique properties like high surface area and tunable electronic/photonic characteristics.
  • Graphene and its derivatives have spurred interest in 2D materials for biomedical applications.
  • Diverse 2D nanomaterials (e.g., TMDs, MXenes, MOFs) are explored for cancer theranostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in 2D nanomaterials for cancer therapy.
  • To focus on the modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by 2D nanomaterials.
  • To provide insights into 2D nanomaterial-TME interactions for nanomedicine development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on 2D nanomaterials in cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of 2D nanomaterial properties relevant to drug delivery and TME modulation.
  • Synthesis of information on pre-clinical applications of 2D nanomaterials.

Main Results:

  • 2D nanomaterials enhance drug loading, improve drug bioavailability, and prolong circulation time.
  • These materials facilitate increased tumor accumulation and therapeutic efficacy.
  • 2D nanomaterials effectively modulate the TME for improved cancer treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • 2D nanomaterials are promising platforms for TME-modulating cancer diagnosis and therapy.
  • Understanding 2D nanomaterial-TME interactions is crucial for developing effective nanomedicines.
  • This review aids researchers in advancing 2D nanomedicines for pre-clinical and clinical cancer theranostics.