Current status and perspectives of regulatory T cell-based therapy

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Cell Therapy
• Transplantation Immunology

Background:

• CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial for immune homeostasis.
• Adoptive transfer of Treg cells is a promising strategy for immune tolerance.
• Clinical trials have explored Treg cell therapies for GVHD, T1D, and organ transplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of Treg cell-based therapy progress and challenges.
• To summarize completed and ongoing clinical trials involving human Treg cells.
• To describe novel strategies for engineering Treg cells in preclinical studies.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical trial data for Treg cell therapies.
• Summary of ongoing and completed human Treg cell trials.
• Description of emerging Treg cell engineering strategies.

Main Results:

• Treg cell-based therapies are emerging as a promising strategy for immune tolerance.
• Several clinical trials using human Treg cells are underway, including CAR-Treg cell therapies.
• New strategies for engineering Treg cells are being developed in preclinical settings.

Conclusions:

• Treg cell therapy holds significant potential for treating immune-related diseases and improving transplant outcomes.
• Engineering Treg cells with novel receptors, metabolic regulators, and gene editing techniques like CRISPR shows future promise.
• Advancements in Treg cell therapy, including in vivo generation and mRNA delivery, are expected to drive next-generation treatments.