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Related Concept Videos

The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

9.5K
Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
3.6K
Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

2.5K
Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult...
2.5K
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification
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Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification

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Extracellular matrix dynamics: tracking in biological systems and their implications.

Michael Hu1, Zihan Ling1, Xi Ren2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.

Journal of Biological Engineering
|May 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Understanding extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics is crucial for tissue homeostasis and disease. This review explores ECM-cell interactions, ECM dynamics in lung development and disease, and their applications in tissue engineering.

Keywords:
Bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT)BioprintingExtracellular matrix (ECM)LungNewly synthesized proteinProteomicsStable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)

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Longitudinal Measurement of Extracellular Matrix Rigidity in 3D Tumor Models Using Particle-tracking Microrheology
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A Rapid, Scalable Method for the Isolation, Functional Study, and Analysis of Cell-derived Extracellular Matrix
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Using Cell-substrate Impedance and Live Cell Imaging to Measure Real-time Changes in Cellular Adhesion and De-adhesion Induced by Matrix Modification
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Longitudinal Measurement of Extracellular Matrix Rigidity in 3D Tumor Models Using Particle-tracking Microrheology
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A Rapid, Scalable Method for the Isolation, Functional Study, and Analysis of Cell-derived Extracellular Matrix
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A Rapid, Scalable Method for the Isolation, Functional Study, and Analysis of Cell-derived Extracellular Matrix

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a vital acellular microenvironment providing structural support and regulating cell functions.
  • Understanding ECM dynamics, including temporal and spatial changes, is key to comprehending tissue homeostasis and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of ECM-cell interactions and their role in tissue development and disease, using the lung as a model.
  • To discuss methodologies for studying ECM compositional dynamics, focusing on newly synthesized proteins.
  • To explore the implications of ECM dynamics in tissue engineering and the creation of bioengineered tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ECM dynamics, ECM-cell interactions, and tissue engineering applications.
  • Focus on methodologies for tracking newly synthesized extracellular matrix proteins.
  • Case study using the lung as a model organ to illustrate ECM dynamics in development and disease.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular matrix dynamics significantly influence cell behavior, tissue development, and disease progression.
  • Current methodologies allow for the study of ECM compositional dynamics, particularly tracking newly synthesized components.
  • ECM dynamics present opportunities and challenges for developing advanced bioengineered tissues.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of ECM dynamics is essential for advancing tissue homeostasis research and therapeutic strategies.
  • Future research should focus on novel methods to study and manipulate ECM dynamics for improved tissue engineering outcomes.
  • Implementing spatial and temporal control over extracellular microenvironments is critical for successful bioengineered tissues.