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Effect of COVID-19 on lipid profile parameters and its correlation with acute phase reactants: A single-center
Talal Almas1, Jahanzeb Malik2, Abdulla K Alsubai1
1Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
Insights
COVID-19 patients exhibit lower lipid profiles, including LDL-C, HDL, TG, and TC. This hypolipidemia worsens with disease severity, indicating SARS-CoV-2 alters lipid metabolism.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- The relationship between dyslipidemia and COVID-19 was not well understood.
- Investigating pathological alterations in lipid profiles associated with COVID-19 is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess serum lipid levels (LDL-C, HDL, TG, TC) in COVID-19 patients.
- To determine the association between lipid profile changes and COVID-19 severity.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of real-world COVID-19 patients (mild, moderate, critical).
- Comparison of lipid profiles with age- and gender-matched controls.
- Assessment of serum levels of LDL-C, HDL, TG, and TC.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 patients showed significantly lower LDL-C, HDL, TG, and TC compared to controls (P < 0.001).
- Lipid parameters decreased progressively with increasing COVID-19 severity.
- Logistic regression identified lipid profiles as predictors of COVID-19 severity.
Conclusions:
- Hypolipidemia is increasingly frequent in severe COVID-19.
- SARS-CoV-2 infection is implicated in altering lipid and thyroid levels, inversely correlating with acute-phase reactants.
Background And Objective:
The development and correlation of dyslipidemia is unknown in COVID-19. This investigation was performed to assess the pathological alterations in lipid profile and their association in COVID-19.
Methods:
This was a retrospective study performed on real-world patients to assess serum levels of LDL-C, HDL, TG, TC on COVID-19 patients (mild: 319; moderate: 391; critical: 357). Age- and gender-matched controls who had their lipid profiles in the same period were included as the control group.
Results:
LDL-C, HDL, TG, and TC levels were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients when compared with the control group (P < 0.001, 0.047, 0.045, <0.001, respectively). All parameters decreased gradually with COVID-19 disease severity (LDL-C: median (IQR), mild: 98 (91,134); moderate: 97 (81,113); critical: 68 (68,83); HDL: mild: 45 (37,50); moderate: 46 (41,50); critical: 40 (37,46); TG: mild: 186 (150,245); moderate: 156 (109,198); critical: 111 (98,154); TC: mild: 224 (212,238); moderate: 212 (203,213); critical: 154 (125,187)). Logistic regression demonstrated lipid profile as predictor of severity of COVID-19 disease.
Conclusion:
Hypolipidemia develops in increasing frequency with severe COVID-19 disease. It inversely correlates with levels of acute-phase reactants, indicating SARS-COV-2 as the causative agent for alteration in lipid and thyroid levels.
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