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Variable Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (Acari: Ixodidae) Development
Yuexun Tian1,2, Phillip E Kaufman1,3, Caitlin E Taylor1
1Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Environmental Entomology
|May 31, 2022
Summary
Understanding brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.) phenology is key for effective management. Temperature significantly impacts tick development, with the Brière-1 model best predicting rates across different strains and life stages.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Entomology
- Parasitology
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.) cause challenging domestic infestations due to cryptic behavior.
- Early detection is difficult, leading to perceived elimination and subsequent reappearance of ticks.
- Effective tick management necessitates a deeper understanding of tick phenology and environmental influences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between environmental conditions and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. development.
- To evaluate tick development and conversion efficiency index (CEI) across different strains and environmental parameters.
- To identify optimal models for predicting tick development based on environmental factors.
Main Methods:
- Laboratory evaluation of three Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. strains (temperate and tropical lineages).
- Assessment of all life stages and CEI under five temperatures and four relative humidities (RHs).
- Comparison of linear, exponential, and Brière-1 models to predict developmental rates using temperature and RH.
Main Results:
- Development times varied significantly between tick strains and life stages, primarily influenced by temperature.
- Conversion efficiency index (CEI) showed minimal variance explained by temperature, RH, or strain.
- The Brière-1 model provided the best approximation for most developmental rates compared to linear and exponential models.
- Estimated developmental temperature thresholds for Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. varied inconsistently across strains and life stages.
Conclusions:
- Developed a predictive relationship between environmental factors (temperature, RH) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. development.
- The Brière-1 model is superior for predicting tick developmental rates.
- Findings can inform more effective tick control strategies by predicting development based on environmental conditions.
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