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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
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Truncation in survival analysis refers to the exclusion of individuals or events from the dataset based on specific criteria related to the time of the event. This exclusion can happen in two primary forms: left truncation and right truncation.
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The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
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Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
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Differences in mortality between temporary and permanent workers: results from the Rome Longitudinal Study.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Precarious employment, characterized by instability and vulnerability, is a growing concern.
  • Understanding the health impacts of non-standard employment is crucial for public health policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between temporary employment contracts and all-cause, cardiovascular, and accidental mortality.
  • To investigate potential variations in this association by gender and economic sector.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study design was employed, following employees aged 25-65 in Rome.
  • Cox models were used to analyze the relationship between temporary contracts and mortality outcomes, controlling for various demographic and employment factors.
  • Data from the Rome Longitudinal Study (2001-2015) included 597,834 subjects.

Main Results:

  • Men with temporary contracts exhibited significantly higher risks of overall mortality (HR=1.16), cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.29), and accidental mortality (HR=1.27) compared to men with permanent contracts.
  • The association between temporary contracts and increased mortality in men was particularly pronounced in the industry, building construction, and social services sectors.
  • No significant overall association was found for women, with a notable exception in the sales and transport sectors.

Conclusions:

  • Temporary employment should be recognized as a significant social determinant of health.
  • Targeted interventions and policies are needed to mitigate the health risks associated with temporary contracts, especially within specific high-risk economic sectors.