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Updated: Sep 21, 2025
Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
Published on: September 6, 2024
Evaluation of lung ventilation distribution using electrical impedance tomography in standing sedated horses with
Shannon G Beazley1, Alex Focken1, Rocio Fernandez-Parra2
1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Objective:
To determine changes in distribution of lung ventilation with increasing intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) from carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation in standing sedated horses.
Study Design:
Prospective experimental study.
Animals:
A group of six healthy adult horses.
Methods:
Each horse was sedated with acepromazine, detomidine and butorphanol and sedation maintained with a detomidine infusion. The horse was restrained in a stocks system and a 32 electrode electrical impedance tomography (EIT) belt was wrapped around the thorax at the fifth-sixth intercostal space. EIT images and arterial blood samples for PaO2 and PaCO2, pH and lactate concentration were obtained during capnoperitoneum at 0 (baseline A), 5, 8 and 12 mmHg as IAP increased and at 8, 5, 0 (baseline B) mmHg as IAP decreased. At each IAP, after a 2 minute stabilization period, EIT images were recorded for ≥ 2 minutes to obtain five consecutive breaths. Statistical analysis was performed using anova for repeated measures with Geisser-Greenhouse correction and a Tukey's multiple comparison test for parametric data. The relationship between PaO2 and the center of ventilation in the ventral-dorsal (CoV-VD) and right-left (CoV-RL) directions or total impedance change as a surrogate for tidal volume (ΔZVT) were tested using linear regression analysis. Significance was assumed when p ≤ 0.05.
Results:
There were no significant changes in CoV-VD, CoV-RL, PaO2, PaCO2, lactate concentration, pH, heart rate and respiratory rate with targeted IAP. There was a significant decrease in ΔZVT compared with baseline A at 5 mmHg IAP as IAP was increased.
Conclusions And Clinical Relevance:
Capnoperitoneum causes a significant decrease in ΔZVT in standing sedated horses with increasing IAP.
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