[Current Interventional Management of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding].

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Interventional Radiology

Background:

• Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a critical condition with significant mortality.
• Endoscopic therapy is standard for stable patients, but 5-10% require advanced interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of interventional treatments in massive UGIB.
• To highlight endovascular embolization and TIPS for refractory cases.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical experience in managing massive UGIB.
• Focus on interventional strategies for non-variceal and cirrhotic patients.

Main Results:

• Endovascular embolization is a primary therapy for refractory non-variceal UGIB post-endoscopy.
• Preemptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) significantly lowers failure and mortality in cirrhotic patients with varices.

Conclusions:

• Interventional treatments are crucial for managing massive UGIB.
• Embolization and TIPS are vital for high-risk patient groups, improving outcomes.