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An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
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Depression and ischemic heart disease

Carlo A Pivato1, Rishi Chandiramani2, Marija Petrovic3

  • 1Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano-Milan, Italy; Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.

International Journal of Cardiology
|June 1, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Depression frequently affects patients with ischemic heart disease, increasing their risk of atherosclerosis and cardiac events. Early recognition and treatment of depression can improve outcomes for these patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Depression is highly prevalent in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).
  • Depression is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and major cardiac events.
  • The pathophysiology of depression and IHD is complex and interconnected.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of depression in IHD patients.
  • To summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms linking depression and IHD.
  • To outline management strategies for depression in IHD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies.
  • Synthesis of evidence on epidemiology and pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of treatment implications.

Main Results:

  • Shared pathophysiological pathways include stress hormones, autonomic dysregulation, hemostasis, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation.
  • Depression impairs medication adherence in IHD patients.
  • Evidence supports the link between depression and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Depression significantly impacts IHD prognosis and patient compliance.
  • Integrated management of depression is crucial for improving IHD outcomes.
  • Further research into shared mechanisms and targeted therapies is warranted.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseDepressionHeart failureIschemic heart disease

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