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Capsule-Based dry powder inhaler evaluation using CFD-DEM simulations and next generation impactor data.

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Summary

Dry powder inhaler (DPI) resistance and drug/excipient adhesion impact aerosolization. Lower resistance aids particle transport and turbulence, while higher resistance increases particle-device impact, affecting formulation performance.

Keywords:
CFD-DEMComputational fluid dynamicsDiscrete element methodDry powder inhalersInhalation drug delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Capsule-based, single-dose dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are critical for lung medication delivery.
  • Understanding powder dispersion mechanisms within DPIs is essential for optimizing aerosol performance.
  • Drug/excipient adhesion and device resistance are key factors influencing particle aerosolization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of drug/excipient adhesive bonding and DPI resistance on aerosol performance.
  • To correlate empirical data with computational modeling for a comprehensive analysis of powder dispersion.

Main Methods:

  • Employed empirical data from multi-stage impactor experiments.
  • Utilized a fully-coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) model.
  • Analyzed powder dispersion modes as a function of device resistance and particle adhesion.

Main Results:

  • Lower device resistance enhances particle transport capacity and upstream turbulence.
  • Higher device resistance increases particle-device impaction velocity.
  • Finer aerosols are achieved with low-adhesion formulations in low-resistance devices, or cohesive formulations in high-resistance devices.

Conclusions:

  • Device resistance significantly dictates powder dispersion mechanisms in DPIs.
  • The interplay between device resistance and formulation adhesion properties determines aerosol fine particle fraction.
  • Optimized DPI performance requires careful selection of device resistance and formulation characteristics.