Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

From coexistence to antagonism: nutrient- and temperature-dependent interactions between Bacillus atrophaeus JunSE1L and Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 with implications for the wheat rhizosphere.

Journal of biological engineering·2026

Same author

Health Performance in North America: An International Comparative Review of Canada and the United States with Implications for Women's Health Equity.

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC·2026

Same author

Balancing How Much We Want to Know with What We Are Willing to Pay: A Comparative Cost Analysis of Prenatal Cytogenetic Testing and Screening Strategies.

Fetal diagnosis and therapy·2025

Same author

Intended vs. Actual Access to Care: Impact of Healthcare Consolidation on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes.

Fetal diagnosis and therapy·2025

Same author

Current State of Artificial Intelligence Model Development in Obstetrics.

Obstetrics and gynecology·2025

Same author

Reconceptualizing Intrauterine Resuscitation and Its Short-Term Impact.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same journal

The Cardiac-Fetal-Placental Unit: links between umbilical venous flow and maternal hemodynamics in fetal growth restriction.

Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology·2026

Same journal

Psychosocial interventions for women who are pregnant following a previous reproductive loss: A scoping review.

Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology·2026

Same journal

Controversies in fetal therapy.

Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology·2026

Same journal

Alloimmunisation in pregnancy: current management and future perspectives.

Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology·2026

Same journal

Consensus in prenatal management of Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.

Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology·2026

Same journal

The effect of yoga on depression, anxiety, and stress during pregnancy and postpartum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

Fetal reduction for everyone?

Mark I Evans¹, Jenifer Curtis², Shara M Evans²

¹Fetal Medicine Foundation of America, USA; Comprehensive Genetics, PC, New York, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai New York, USA.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology

|June 1, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fetal reduction (FR) significantly lowers risks associated with multiple pregnancies, improving outcomes for twins and higher-order multiples. This procedure is crucial for managing complications from infertility treatments.

Keywords:

Amniocentesis CVS Cerebral palsy Fetal reduction Multiple pregnancy Twins

More Related Videos

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

Published on: December 22, 2023

Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta

Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta

Published on: May 30, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

Continuous Telemetric In Utero Tracheal Pressure Measurements in Fetal Lambs

Published on: December 22, 2023

Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta

Ex Vivo Perfusion of the Rodent Placenta

Published on: May 30, 2019

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Genetics

Background:

Infertility treatments often result in multiple pregnancies, increasing risks of morbidity and mortality.
Fetal reduction (FR) was developed to mitigate these complications.
While initially used in high-risk cases, indications for FR have broadened over 30 years.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the long-term success and evolving indications of fetal reduction (FR).
To assess the impact of FR on reducing morbidity and mortality in multiple pregnancies.
To highlight the benefits of combining genetic testing with FR for improved pediatric outcomes.

Main Methods:

Review of over 30 years of publications on fetal reduction (FR) techniques.
Analysis of outcomes comparing singleton pregnancies with reduced multiples.
Integration of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and microarray analysis for genetic assessment prior to FR.

Main Results:

FR has demonstrated significant success in reducing mortality and morbidity in multiple pregnancies.
Risks for twins are approximately 4- to 5-fold higher than for singletons.
Combining genetic testing (CVS, microarray) with FR improves pediatric outcomes, making reduced multiples statistically similar to lower-order gestations.

Conclusions:

Fetal reduction (FR) is a highly successful intervention for managing complications of multiple pregnancies.
The proportion of FRs to a singleton has increased, with improved outcomes observed.
FR should be discussed and offered to all patients with dichorionic twin pregnancies or higher, as elective single-embryo transfer (eSET) can result in monochorionic twins.