Synergistic simultaneous endogenous partial denitrification/anammox (EPDA) and denitrifying dephosphatation for...

To achieve simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater, the endogenous partial denitrification/anammox (EPDA) was combined with denitrifying dephosphatation in a complete biofilm reactor. Advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal were achieved with effluent total nitrogen (TN) and PO₄^3--P concentrations of 7.77 ± 0.33 mg/L and 0.35 ± 0.10 mg/L, respectively. Anammox took a major role in the system, accounting for 76 ± 7% of nitrogen removal. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing results showed that the anammox bacteria co-existed with the denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms (DGAOs) and the denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs). Anammox bacteria were mainly distributed in the inner layer, while DGAOs and DPAOs existed in the outer layer of EPDA biofilms. Furthermore, based on the EPDA biofilm system, a promising advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal process was suggested to achieve lower requirements for energy and reagent consumption.