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Telomeres, aging and reproduction.

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Female fertility declines with age, impacting ovarian aging and necessitating assisted reproduction. Recent research links shorter telomeres to infertility and pregnancy complications, highlighting telomere length as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Genetics
  • Aging research

Background:

  • Female fertility naturally declines from the mid-30s.
  • Delayed childbearing contributes to ovarian aging and increased reliance on assisted reproduction technologies (ART).
  • Telomere biology is a key pathway implicated in organismal aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements (last 2 years) in understanding the telomere pathway's role in female fertility.
  • To explore the impact of telomere biology on pregnancy outcomes and newborn health.
  • To identify telomere length and telomerase activity as potential biomarkers for reproductive health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published within the last two years.
  • Analysis of research on telomere attrition, ovarian aging, and fertility.
  • Examination of factors influencing telomere length in mothers, fetuses, and newborns.

Main Results:

  • Shorter maternal telomeres are associated with premature ovarian aging and infertility.
  • Telomere attrition can lead to pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, preterm birth, and idiopathic pregnancy loss.
  • External factors such as stress and nutrition can affect fetal and newborn telomere length.

Conclusions:

  • Telomeres are significantly involved in female fertility, embryo development, and newborn health.
  • Telomere length and telomerase activity show promise as biomarkers for early detection of ovarian and pregnancy issues.
  • Telomere-based therapies may offer future solutions for infertility.