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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
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The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is a cognitive experience characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve specific information from memory despite having a strong feeling of knowing the information. Although individuals cannot access the target word or detail, they frequently recall related elements, such as its initial letter, syllable count, or context. This partial retrieval often causes frustration, as one might recognize a familiar face or know that a name starts with a specific...
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Definition of Tinnitus.

Aldo Messina1,2, Alessandro Corvaia2, Chiara Marino2

  • 1Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy.

Audiology Research
|June 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external source, requires a clearer definition. This study proposes defining tinnitus as auditory hallucinosis, similar to how vertigo is spatial hallucinosis, for better research and treatment.

Keywords:
delusional behaviorsdysperceptiongate keeper systemgestalthallucinationhallucinosisinflammationneuroplasticityneuroplasticity dysfunctionperceptionpseudo-hallucinationsensationsomatosoundtinnitus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Current definitions of tinnitus lack specificity.
  • Existing definitions fail to distinguish tinnitus from psychiatric hallucinations or transient noises.
  • A precise definition is crucial for epidemiological studies and personalized therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel, comprehensive definition of tinnitus.
  • To establish a framework for classifying tinnitus based on neuroscientific principles.
  • To improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic interventions for tinnitus.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of existing tinnitus definitions.
  • Analogy drawn from neuropsychiatric studies, specifically auditory hallucinosis.
  • Conceptual framework development for tinnitus classification.

Main Results:

  • The current definition of tinnitus is inadequate for clinical and research purposes.
  • Tinnitus is proposed to be defined as auditory hallucinosis.
  • Vertigo is analogously defined as spatial hallucinosis.

Conclusions:

  • A refined definition of tinnitus as auditory hallucinosis is necessary.
  • This new definition will enhance homogeneity in epidemiological research.
  • It will facilitate the development of more effective, personalized tinnitus treatments.