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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Transposons01:24

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Recent Bioinformatic Progress to Identify Epigenetic Changes Associated to Transposable Elements.

Emmanuelle Lerat1

  • 1Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, UMR5558, Laboratoire de BiomĂ©trie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France.

Frontiers in Genetics
|June 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transposable elements (TEs) significantly impact genome evolution and function. This review highlights bioinformatic tools for studying locus-specific epigenetic modifications of TEs and their gene regulatory roles.

Keywords:
NGS databioinformaticsepigeneticsepigenomicstransposable elements

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) profoundly influence host genome function and evolution.
  • TEs can cause deleterious effects, driving the evolution of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms for control.
  • Despite risks, TEs contribute to genome evolution by increasing genetic diversity and creating new regulatory elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current bioinformatic tools for analyzing locus-specific epigenetic modifications of transposable elements.
  • To understand the individual influence of epigenetic modifications on gene function at specific genomic locations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing bioinformatic tools.
  • Focus on tools enabling locus-specific epigenetic analysis of transposable elements.
  • Discussion of methods for assessing the impact of epigenetic marks on gene regulation.

Main Results:

  • Several bioinformatic tools are available for analyzing transposable element epigenetics.
  • Locus-specific analysis is crucial for understanding the precise role of epigenetic modifications.
  • These tools aid in dissecting the complex interplay between TEs, epigenetics, and gene regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Bioinformatic tools are essential for detailed investigation of transposable element epigenetics.
  • Understanding locus-specific epigenetic effects of TEs is key to deciphering their role in genome evolution and gene function.
  • Further development and application of these tools will advance the field of epigenomics.