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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Animal behavior
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sexual signals are crucial for speciation but their evolution is complex due to multiple, interdependent components.
  • Understanding how genetic correlations among signal components influence evolutionary responses to selection is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary response of a multicomponent sexual signal to artificial selection.
  • To determine if selection can alter the genetic covariance structure of a signal, facilitating adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Artificial selection was applied to the female sex pheromone blend of the moth *Heliothis subflexa* for 10 generations.
  • Phenotypic changes in pheromone components and genetic covariance structure were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A significant selection response was observed in the targeted pheromone components.
  • Biochemically and genetically linked pheromone components not under selection did not change.
  • Artificial selection led to a divergence in genetic covariance structure, dissociating selected and unselected components.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides empirical evidence that selection can modify the genetic architecture of multicomponent signals.
  • This modification can facilitate adaptive evolution of sexual signals by decoupling components and avoiding constraints from indirect selection.