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Metabolic Reprogramming in Adipose Tissue During Cancer Cachexia.

Bahar Zehra Camurdanoglu Weber1, Dilsad H Arabaci1, Serkan Kir1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.

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Cancer cachexia causes severe weight loss by altering energy balance. This review explores metabolic changes in white, brown, and beige adipose tissues, offering insights for new cancer cachexia treatments.

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adipokinesadipose tissueadipose tissue browningcancer cachexiainflammationlipogenesislipolysisnon-shivering thermogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic pathways
  • Cancer biology
  • Adipose tissue biology

Background:

  • Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic disorder causing significant weight loss and impacting patient outcomes.
  • Limited effective treatment options exist for cancer cachexia, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis and endocrine function, and is affected early in cachexia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the metabolic reprogramming occurring in white, brown, and beige adipose tissues during cancer cachexia.
  • To highlight alterations in lipolysis, lipogenesis, inflammation, and thermogenesis within adipose depots.
  • To discuss how these adipose tissue changes influence whole-body metabolism and skeletal muscle.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on metabolic changes in adipose tissue during cancer cachexia.
  • Analysis of the tumor macro-environment's influence on adipose tissue metabolism.
  • Synthesis of information on energy-wasting circuits and their systemic effects.

Main Results:

  • Cancer cachexia induces significant metabolic reprogramming across all adipose tissue types.
  • Key alterations include changes in lipolysis, lipogenesis, inflammation, and adaptive thermogenesis in beige/brown adipocytes.
  • These adipose tissue dysregulations contribute to whole-body energy imbalance and skeletal muscle wasting.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic reprogramming in adipose tissue is a central feature of cancer cachexia.
  • Targeting molecular pathways involved in adipose tissue metabolism presents a promising avenue for developing new cancer cachexia therapies.
  • Understanding these mechanisms could lead to improved management of this debilitating condition.