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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

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Dynamic Transcriptome Profiling Reveals LncRNA-Centred Regulatory Networks in the Modulation of Pluripotency.

Shen Wang1, Jun Zhang1, Yu'an Ding1

  • 1School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|June 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This study reveals how m6A modification and Ythdc1 protein impact lncRNA Gm2379, influencing cell fate decisions during differentiation.

Keywords:
Gm2379cell fateembryonic stem celllncRNAm6A modificaiton

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Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
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Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
  • Understanding lncRNA dynamics during differentiation is crucial for developmental biology.
  • Epitranscriptomic modifications, like m6A, are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze differentially regulated lncRNAs during ESC-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation.
  • To investigate the interplay between lncRNAs, transcription factors, and epitranscriptomic modifiers.
  • To identify specific lncRNAs involved in cell fate determination.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive profiling of lncRNA expression across four developmental stages.
  • Analysis of lncRNA-protein interaction networks.
  • Investigating the impact of m6A modification and Ythdc1 depletion on lncRNA expression and cell fate.

Main Results:

  • Six distinct clusters of differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified, with a significant number specific to ESCs.
  • lncRNAs are modulated by transcription factors, epigenetic, and epitranscriptomic factors.
  • The ESC-specific lncRNA Gm2379 is upregulated upon m6A or Ythdc1 depletion and is critical for regulating pluripotent and germ layer genes.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a detailed landscape of lncRNA regulation during ESC differentiation.
  • It highlights the crucial role of the epitranscriptomic modifier m6A and reader Ythdc1 in controlling lncRNA Gm2379.
  • The findings underscore the interplay between epitranscriptomic modifications and lncRNAs in governing cell fate decisions.