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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

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Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
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Cardiac Performance and Cardiopulmonary Fitness After Infection With SARS-CoV-2.

Gregory Wood1,2, Therese Stegeager Kirkevang1,2, Jane Agergaard3,2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|June 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

One year after COVID-19, persistent cardiac symptoms in patients were investigated. No underlying cardiac disease or reduced cardiopulmonary fitness was found in this cohort study.

Keywords:
CMRCOVID-19echocardiographylong-COVID syndromerecovery following COVID-19

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Persistent cardiac symptoms are increasingly reported post-COVID-19.
  • The etiology of these long COVID cardiac issues remains unclear.
  • Understanding the cause is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying causes of persistent cardiac symptoms one year after COVID-19 infection.
  • To assess cardiac structure, function, and cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in affected individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective investigation of 22 individuals with persistent cardiac symptoms post-COVID-19.
  • Utilized echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), 6-minute walking test, and cardio-pulmonary exercise testing.
  • Compared results against healthy control groups and expected physiological ranges.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac imaging (echocardiography, CMR) and exercise tests were within normal ranges for the cohort.
  • No significant differences were observed in left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, or tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion compared to controls.
  • Cardiopulmonary exercise testing revealed VO2 max and 6-minute walk distances exceeded expected values for the cohort, with normal cardiac biomarker levels (Troponin I, Nt-proBNP).

Conclusions:

  • One year post-COVID-19, no underlying cardiac disease was identified in patients reporting persistent cardiac symptoms.
  • Cardiopulmonary fitness was not reduced in this cohort.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind persistent cardiac symptoms after COVID-19.