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    The coherence-orbital angular momentum (COAM) matrix reveals how light

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical physics
    • Quantum optics
    • Wave phenomena

    Background:

    • The coherence-orbital angular momentum (COAM) matrix quantifies second-order field correlations in stationary optical fields.
    • It analyzes correlations between spiral modes with specific topological charges (l and m) and radial positions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the general properties of the COAM matrix for Schell-model optical sources with circularly symmetric spectral densities.
    • To establish the relationship between the COAM matrix structure and the symmetries of the degree of coherence (DOC).

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of the COAM matrix for a broad class of Schell-model sources.
    • Examination of the impact of the degree of coherence (DOC) symmetries on the COAM matrix structure.

    Main Results:

    • The COAM matrix is diagonal for real-valued, rotationally symmetric DOC.
    • Off-diagonal elements appear when the DOC lacks these symmetries.
    • Cartesian symmetry in the real part of DOC links specific COAM matrix elements to the DOC's real/imaginary parts.

    Conclusions:

    • The structure of the COAM matrix is intrinsically tied to the symmetries of the DOC.
    • Measuring off-axis COAM matrix elements offers a method for determining the rotation angle of the DOC, applicable to light or object transparency.