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Understanding Causation in Healthcare: An Introduction to Critical Realism.

Erica Koopmans1, Dr Catharine Schiller2

  • 1School of Health Sciences, 6727University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.

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Critical realism offers a philosophical approach to understanding healthcare causation by examining underlying mechanisms. This framework helps researchers and providers uncover the root causes of health events, even when they are not immediately apparent.

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Science
  • Health Sciences Research Methodology

Background:

  • Healthcare providers and researchers frequently investigate the causes of health phenomena.
  • Understanding complex causation requires looking beyond surface-level observations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the philosophical framework of critical realism.
  • To explore its application in healthcare for understanding causation.
  • To make critical realism accessible to healthcare professionals and researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of foundational concepts of critical realism.
  • Application of principles through healthcare-specific examples.
  • Discussion of strengths and limitations.

Main Results:

  • Critical realism provides a structured way to analyze generative mechanisms behind health events.
  • It aids in understanding causation by focusing on underlying, often unseen, processes.
  • The framework enhances the inquiry into patient and health service complexities.

Conclusions:

  • Critical realism is a valuable philosophical tool for healthcare research and practice.
  • It enables a deeper understanding of causation by exploring generative mechanisms.
  • The approach assists in making sense of the observable world in health sciences.