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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.9K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.9K
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

47
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

67
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
67
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

1.6K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

62
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: GALACTIC-HF baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Heart failure with normal LVEF in BIOSTAT-CHF.

Lukas Baumhove1, Jasper Tromp2, Sylwia Figarska1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

International Journal of Cardiology
|June 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is rare, affecting 3.6% of patients. These individuals, often female, experience better outcomes and lower mortality risk compared to other heart failure groups.

Keywords:
BIOSTAT-CHFHeart failureLVEFNormal LVEFWomen

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Current heart failure (HF) treatments show benefit for preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) up to LVEF 55-60%, but efficacy in patients with normal LVEF remains unclear.
  • HF medications are indicated for HFpEF with LVEF below normal, leaving a knowledge gap for patients with normal LVEF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with heart failure and a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Main Methods:

  • Defined normal LVEF as LVEF ≥62% for men and ≥64% for women, based on American Society of Echocardiography recommendations.
  • Analyzed data from 1568 heart failure patients, identifying 57 (3.6%) with normal LVEF.
  • Compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with normal LVEF and other HF subgroups.

Main Results:

  • Patients with normal LVEF were less likely to have prior myocardial infarction or diabetes, had lower LVEF End Diastolic Diameter, and higher cardiac output.
  • This subgroup exhibited a higher rate of previous HF hospitalization and were more frequently female.
  • Patients with normal LVEF demonstrated the lowest risk for all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization.

Conclusions:

  • Only 3.6% of heart failure patients possess a sex-adjusted normal LVEF.
  • Despite using sex-adjusted criteria, this group was predominantly female, had less ischemic heart disease, higher cardiac output, and superior clinical outcomes.