Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Typical Model Studies

Typical Model Studies

Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.

Navier–Stokes Equations

Navier–Stokes Equations

For incompressible Newtonian fluids, where density remains constant, stresses show a linear relationship with the deformation rate, defined by normal and shear stresses. Normal stresses depend on the pressure exerted on the fluid and the rate of deformation in specific directions, which determines how fluid flows under varying pressures. Shear stresses, on the other hand, act tangentially across fluid layers. They explain how adjacent fluid layers slide relative to one another, connecting...

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...

Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline

Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline

Bernoulli's equation relates the energy conservation in a fluid moving along a streamline. The equation applies to incompressible and inviscid fluids under steady flow. For such a flow, Newton's second law is applied to a small fluid element, which experiences forces due to pressure differences, gravity, and velocity variations. The force balance leads to the following form of Bernoulli's equation:

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ion-Pairing-Mediated Selective Transport of Rare Earth Elements through Functionalized Graphene Nanopores.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

Same author

Ambient stability and surface adhesion of 2D polyaramid nanofilms.

Faraday discussions·2026

Same author

Tunable Gas-Liquid Separation by Surface Charge Modifications: Toward Membrane-Based Carbon Capture and Detection.

Nano letters·2026

Same author

Knowledge gaps for neuromorphic ionic computing.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

Nonlinear ion transport in a 2D Janus membrane with an angstrom pore: memristive and negative differential resistance phenomena.

Faraday discussions·2026

Same author

Water at low frequencies: Vibrational decomposition reveals spectral fingerprints of surface charge and dynamic surfaces.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Nonlocal hydrodynamic model for gravity-driven transport in nanochannels.

Arghyadeep Paul¹, N R Aluru²

¹Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|June 1, 2022

Summary

Newton's law of viscosity fails in confined fluids. A nonlocal shear stress model accurately predicts fluid flow in nanochannels, aligning with molecular dynamics simulations.

More Related Videos

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Nanoscale science
Materials science

Background:

Newton's law of viscosity is inadequate for fluids under strong confinement due to significant strain-rate variations at molecular scales.
Understanding fluid behavior in nanochannels is crucial for various applications, including microfluidics and materials engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the applicability of a nonlocal shear stress model for predicting fluid flow in nanochannels.
To determine if a nonlocal viscosity kernel can accurately describe the behavior of confined fluids.

Main Methods:

A nonlocal shear stress model incorporating a nonlocal viscosity kernel was developed.
The fluid's viscosity kernel was estimated using the local average density model and the sinusoidal transverse force method from bulk systems.
A continuum model was formulated to solve the nonlocal hydrodynamics.

Main Results:

The proposed continuum model successfully captured key features of gravity-driven isothermal flow in a nanochannel.
Solutions from the nonlocal model showed qualitative agreement with non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.
Deviations between the model and simulations were primarily observed near the fluid-channel interface.

Conclusions:

Nonlocal shear stress models provide a viable approach for describing fluid dynamics in confined systems where traditional laws fail.
The developed continuum model offers a promising tool for simulating nanoscale fluid flow, complementing molecular dynamics approaches.