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Metamaterial-enabled arbitrary on-chip spatial mode manipulation.

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Researchers developed a universal metamaterial framework to excite arbitrary high-order spatial modes in silicon waveguides. This breakthrough enables scalable mode-division multiplexing for high-capacity optical communications.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Metamaterials and Nanophotonics
  • Integrated Optics

Background:

  • On-chip spatial mode operation, or mode-division multiplexing (MDM), is crucial for high-capacity data communications and advanced optical applications.
  • Current mode manipulation techniques face scalability challenges due to mode-order-specific designs and limitations in achievable mode orders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a universal and scalable design framework for exciting arbitrary high-order spatial modes in silicon waveguides.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing mode manipulation techniques for integrated photonic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a topological metamaterial building block (BB) design framework.
  • Programming the layout of dielectric metamaterial perturbations with mathematical formulas for mode conversion and exchange.
  • Experimentally benchmarking the scalability with high-order mode operation up to the twentieth order.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated simultaneous arbitrary high-order mode conversion and exchange with uniform performance.
  • Achieved experimental validation of a record high-order mode operator up to the twentieth order.
  • Successfully verified 8-mode MDM data transmission of 28-GBaud 16-QAM signals at 813 Gb/s (7% FEC).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed metamaterial BB concept offers a user-friendly and scalable solution for comprehensive on-chip spatial light manipulation.
  • This breakthrough removes long-standing scalability limitations, paving the way for previously inaccessible complex photonic functionalities.
  • The framework significantly advances integrated photonics for high-capacity communications and other optical applications.