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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

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Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion
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Comparison of electromagnetic and optical navigation assisted Endo-TLIF in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis
De-Rong Xu1, Liang-Rui Luan1, Xue-Xiao Ma1
1Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China.
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
|June 1, 2022
Abstract:
Uniportal full endoscopic posterolateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF) with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is a promising, minimally invasive method for the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. However, repeated radiation exposure from X-rays and the steep learning curve remain to be improved.

