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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

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Control in patients with advanced cancer: an interpretative phenomenological study.

Andrea Rodríguez-Prat1, Denise Pergolizzi2, Iris Crespo2

  • 1Faculty of Humanities, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.

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Patients with advanced cancer find control by focusing on subjective well-being and personal traits, even amidst illness-related losses. Understanding these perceptions can empower patients and inform healthcare support strategies.

Keywords:
Advanced cancer patientsControlPalliative careQualitative studiesQuality of lifeSelf-efficacy

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Area of Science:

  • Psycho-oncology
  • Patient-centered care
  • Qualitative research

Background:

  • Loss of control in life-threatening illness is linked to suffering and diminished dignity.
  • Patient perspectives on control during advanced cancer are not well understood.
  • Self-efficacy beliefs influence attitudes and expectations regarding control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how patients with advanced cancer understand control.
  • To identify beliefs, attitudes, and expectations related to self-efficacy in illness and life.
  • To examine control across dimensions of life, illness, and healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted.
  • Interpretive phenomenological analysis was employed.
  • Eight advanced cancer outpatients (ECOG 0-3) participated.

Main Results:

  • Two main themes emerged: factors influencing control perception and perceiving control over an uncontrollable illness.
  • Subthemes included uncertainty, character traits, lack of care, subjective well-being, and adjusting focus.
  • Strategies for promoting a sense of control were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced cancer is experienced as a series of losses, but patients focus on areas of retained control.
  • Findings highlight the importance of focusing on subjective well-being and personal strengths.
  • Future research should explore how to empower patients through family and healthcare professional support.