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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Tricontinuous Nanostructured Polymers via Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separation.

Stacey A Saba1, Bongjoon Lee2, Marc A Hillmyer2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.

ACS Macro Letters
|June 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a novel mesoporous polymer using selective etching of a tricontinuous block polymer. This process yields a unique material with two independent pore networks for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanostructured polymers offer combined properties.
  • Tricontinuous block polymers are key precursors for complex materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a mesoporous polymer with dual independent pore networks.
  • To demonstrate a novel etching strategy for block copolymers.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) using divinylbenzene, poly(isoprene), and poly(lactide).
  • In situ cross-linking to arrest structural coarsening.
  • Selective orthogonal etching of poly(isoprene) and poly(lactide) domains.

Main Results:

  • A disordered tricontinuous block polymer morphology was achieved.
  • Selective etching produced a mesoporous polymer.
  • Two independent, interconnected pore networks were successfully generated.

Conclusions:

  • This method enables the creation of single-component materials with multiple functionalities.
  • The orthogonal etching approach offers precise control over pore network architecture.
  • The resulting mesoporous polymers hold potential for diverse applications requiring tailored porosity.