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Related Concept Videos

Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
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Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

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Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
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Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

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When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Synthesis of PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability
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Synthesis of PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability

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Solvent Induced Inversion of Core-Shell Microgels.

Ali Ghavami1, Roland G Winkler1

  • 1Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.

ACS Macro Letters
|June 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers used simulations to study core-shell microgels. They found that changing shell interactions can create new microgel structures, like inverted or patchy forms, useful for functional materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Core-shell microgels are versatile materials with tunable properties.
  • Understanding their morphology under varying conditions is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically characterize the morphology of core-shell microgels.
  • To investigate the influence of swelling conditions and core-shell thickness ratio on microgel structure.
  • To explore the formation of novel microgel phases.

Main Methods:

  • Mesoscale hydrodynamic simulations were employed.
  • Systematic characterization of microgel morphology and polymer conformations.
  • Phase diagram construction based on simulation results.

Main Results:

  • Increasing shell polymer hydrophobicity induced morphological transitions.
  • Observed structures include inverted microgels and patchy microgels.
  • A phase diagram was established, differentiating core-shell, inverted, and patchy morphologies.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals new microgel phases driven by hydrophobic interactions.
  • Flory-Rehner theory accurately describes shell size changes and identifies a critical phase boundary.
  • These findings offer a novel pathway for creating functionalized nano- and microscale materials.