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A method for studying controlled substance use: a preliminary investigation.

R V Reynolds, D L Tobin, T L Creer

    Addictive Behaviors
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Successful smoking reduction is linked to internal locus of control and self-labeling as a nonsmoker. These cognitive factors significantly predict sustained smoking control long-term.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral Psychology
    • Addiction Research
    • Health Psychology

    Background:

    • Smoking cessation programs often focus on complete abstinence.
    • Controlled smoking through reduction is an alternative strategy.
    • Understanding factors predicting maintenance of reduced smoking is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify predictors of sustained smoking reduction.
    • To differentiate successful reducers from relapsers.
    • To explore cognitive and motivational factors in controlled smoking.

    Main Methods:

    • A smoking self-management program was implemented for 22 smokers.
    • Participants were classified as successful reducers (≥50% reduction).
    • Discriminant function and regression analyses examined cognitive, smoking history, and motivation variables.

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    Main Results:

    • Internal locus of control and self-label as a nonsmoker correctly classified 88.9% of subjects.
    • These two cognitive variables explained 50.4% of the variance in smoking at 3-month follow-up.
    • Successful maintenance of smoking reduction was associated with these cognitive factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive factors, specifically internal locus of control and self-labeling as a nonsmoker, are key to sustained smoking reduction.
    • These findings support the study of controlled smoking as a viable alternative to abstinence.
    • Future research should focus on enhancing these cognitive attributes in smoking reduction programs.