Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

6.5K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.5K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

708
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
708
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

741
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
741

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Surgical anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: a systematic review and meta-analysis of variants.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery·2026
Same author

Filippo Pacini and the discovery of the Pacinian corpuscles.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Francesco Torti (1658-1741) and his description on the therapeutic use of quinine: the first effective method of treating malaria based on an extract of the bark of the Peruvian cinchona tree.

MalariaWorld journal·2026
Same author

Developing health research impact assessment in Italy: the case of the Piedmont Region.

Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene·2026
Same author

Choriocapillaris and blood flow alterations in smokers naïve to heated tobacco products: a cross-sectional study.

Toxicology mechanisms and methods·2026
Same author

From Discharge Letters to Process Traces with LLMs: A Human-in-the-Loop Pipeline.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage
12:59

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

Published on: February 15, 2020

6.3K

Oxidative stress and visual system: a review.

Samanta Taurone1, Massimo Ralli2, Marco Artico2

  • 1IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.

EXCLI Journal
|June 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) show potential in protecting the visual system from oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Combining ALA and SOD may prevent age-related ocular damage and reduce cell death.

Keywords:
alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)antioxidantsretina and optic nerve agingsuperoxide dismutase (SOD)

More Related Videos

Quantification of Reactive Oxygen Species Using 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate Probe and Flow-Cytometry in Müller Glial Cells
14:25

Quantification of Reactive Oxygen Species Using 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate Probe and Flow-Cytometry in Müller Glial Cells

Published on: May 13, 2022

7.0K
Induction and Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Sleeping Beauty Transposon-Transfected Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
10:00

Induction and Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Sleeping Beauty Transposon-Transfected Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Published on: December 11, 2020

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage
12:59

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

Published on: February 15, 2020

6.3K
Quantification of Reactive Oxygen Species Using 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate Probe and Flow-Cytometry in Müller Glial Cells
14:25

Quantification of Reactive Oxygen Species Using 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate Probe and Flow-Cytometry in Müller Glial Cells

Published on: May 13, 2022

7.0K
Induction and Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Sleeping Beauty Transposon-Transfected Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
10:00

Induction and Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Sleeping Beauty Transposon-Transfected Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Published on: December 11, 2020

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Oxidative stress significantly impacts tissues, with the visual system being particularly vulnerable due to light exposure.
  • Growing scientific interest exists in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds for treating visual system conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on antioxidant molecules for visual system conditions.
  • To focus on alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mitigating neurodegeneration in the ocular segment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on antioxidant agents.
  • Analysis of studies investigating ALA and SOD's effects on ocular neurodegeneration and oxidative stress.

Main Results:

  • ALA and SOD demonstrate protective effects against neurodegeneration in the optic nerve and retina.
  • Co-administration of ALA and SOD effectively lowers oxidative stress levels.
  • Combined treatment prevents neurodegeneration and reduces apoptotic processes in the ocular segment.

Conclusions:

  • ALA and SOD are promising antioxidants for protecting the aging visual system.
  • Combined ALA and SOD therapy offers a potential strategy to combat oxidative stress-induced ocular neurodegeneration.