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Related Concept Videos

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Hair strands originate at the epidermal penetration called the hair follicle. The hair shaft is the part...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

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Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

A New Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Hair Loss in Mice Using Grayscale Analysis
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Localized alopecia with itching on the scalp.

Feroze Kaliyadan1,2,3, Puravoor Jayasree1,2,3, Karalikkattil T Ashique1,2,3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Kerala, India.

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
|June 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trichoscopy aids in diagnosing scalp conditions like itching and hair loss. This method helps differentiate various potential scalp ailments for accurate patient diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Trichology

Background:

  • Localized scalp itching and alopecia present diagnostic challenges.
  • Differential diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of scalp conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the diagnostic utility of trichoscopy for scalp conditions.
  • To discuss differential diagnoses for scalp itching and alopecia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized trichoscopy as a primary diagnostic tool.
  • Reviewed clinical presentation of localized scalp itching and alopecia.

Main Results:

  • Trichoscopy provided a definitive diagnosis in the presented case.
  • Identified key features differentiating potential scalp diagnoses.

Conclusions:

  • Trichoscopy is an effective non-invasive method for diagnosing scalp disorders.
  • A systematic approach including trichoscopy is essential for managing scalp itching and alopecia.