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Sex-Specific Physiological Responses to Ultramarathon.

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Ultramarathon running impacts physiology, but males show more significant changes than females. This study compared physiological responses in male and female ultramarathon runners.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Endurance Sports Science

Background:

  • Limited research exists on female physiological responses to ultramarathon running.
  • Understanding sex-based differences in physiological strain is crucial for athlete health and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the physiological response of female ultramarathon runners.
  • To compare the frequency and magnitude of physiological perturbations between female and male ultramarathon runners.

Main Methods:

  • Physiological assessments including blood biomarkers (CK-MB, cTnI, BNP, Cr), pulmonary function tests, and cardiac ultrasound were conducted pre- and post-race.
  • Data from eight female finishers were compared with eight time-matched male finishers from the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc (UTMB®).

Main Results:

  • Both sexes showed increases in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB).
  • Males exhibited greater increases in creatinine (Cr) and more significant declines in lung diffusing capacities and pulmonary capillary blood volumes.
  • Males, unlike females, showed signs of mild postrace pulmonary edema, with larger overall effect sizes for physiological changes observed in males.

Conclusions:

  • Ultramarathon running induces physiological stress in both sexes.
  • Males generally experience more frequent and larger physiological perturbations than females, even with similar race performances.