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Summary

A new force control scheme automates muscle mechanics testing for precise shortening velocity measurements. This method minimizes overshoot and settling time, requiring minimal user input for accurate muscle function analysis.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Muscle Physiology
Control Systems

Background:

Measuring muscle shortening velocity is crucial for understanding muscle function.
Existing methods for muscle mechanics characterization can be complex and require significant user input.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a force control scheme for automated, precise measurement of muscle shortening velocity.
To achieve minimal overshoot and settling time during isotonic holds in contracted muscle tissue.

Main Methods:

A two-degree-of-freedom control system incorporating proportional-integral feedback and an inverse physiological model-based feedforward controller was designed.
System identification techniques were used to develop both linear and nonlinear control-oriented models of muscle tissue.
The control scheme was experimentally validated on equine airway smooth muscle and murine flexor digitorum brevis muscle.

Main Results:

The force control scheme successfully achieved the objectives of minimal overshoot and settling time for isotonic holds.
Experiments demonstrated the performance and repeatability of the control system.
The system required minimal user input and supervision, indicating a high degree of automation.

Conclusions:

The proposed force control scheme enables automated characterization of muscle mechanics.
This approach simplifies the measurement of muscle shortening velocity, a key parameter of muscle function.
The control scheme serves as a foundation for controlling other nonlinear, viscoelastic materials.