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Phosphodiester Linkages

Phosphodiester Linkages

Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...

Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments

Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments

The VSEPR theory can be used to determine the electron pair geometries and molecular structures as follows:

Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

Phosphate Buffer

Phosphate Buffer

The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Phosphate Triester Dynamic Covalent Networks.

Soumabrata Majumdar¹, Huiyi Zhang¹, Mohammad Soleimani²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.

ACS Macro Letters

|June 2, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces phosphate triester transesterification as a novel catalyst-free dynamic covalent chemistry for creating reprocessable polymer networks. This new method enables efficient cross-linking of polyethers, enhancing material properties and recyclability.

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Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Materials Science
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Dynamic covalent networks offer a blend of thermoset mechanical strength and thermoplastic reprocessability.
Current research seeks dynamic chemistries that enable network rearrangements without external catalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce transesterification in phosphate triesters as a novel dynamic covalent chemistry for polymeric networks.
To develop a catalyst-free method for creating reprocessable polymer materials.

Main Methods:

A one-step synthesis was employed to create polytetrahydrofuran networks featuring phosphate triester cross-links.
The dynamic behavior of the networks was investigated at elevated temperatures.

Main Results:

The synthesized polytetrahydrofuran networks exhibited viscous flow at high temperatures due to uncatalyzed transesterification at the cross-links.
The phosphate triester cross-links facilitated dynamic network topology changes without external catalysts.

Conclusions:

Phosphate triester transesterification represents a viable and efficient dynamic covalent chemistry for polymer network synthesis.
This approach offers a straightforward method for cross-linking hydroxyl-terminated polyethers and can be extended to other hydroxyl-functionalized polymers.