Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

5.8K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.8K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

53.1K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
53.1K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

46.1K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
46.1K
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

9.0K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
9.0K
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

602
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
602
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

444
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
444

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Parkinson's disease genetics across diverse ancestries: an observational genetic study of causal and risk variants with translational implications.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
Same author

Repeat expansions in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism across ancestries: insights from a global genetic cohort.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Discovering Novel intracranial EEG Biomarkers of Seizure Generating Tissue through Time-Frequency Analysis.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Phenylketonuria: A Systematic Review of Brain Metabolism Beyond Phenylalanine.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A·2026
Same author

Internal and external validation of comprehensive high-frequency activity biomarkers for epilepsy surgery.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

A genome-wide association study of young onset Parkinson's disease in European ancestry.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

16.5K

Developmental organization of neural dynamics supporting auditory perception.

Kazuki Sakakura1, Masaki Sonoda2, Takumi Mitsuhashi3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058575, Japan.

Neuroimage
|June 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

As children develop, their brains learn to filter out irrelevant sounds, enhancing speech processing. This study reveals how the superior temporal gyrus (STG) refines neural dynamics for efficient auditory perception.

Keywords:
Electrocorticography (ECoG)Event-related high-gamma synchronizationIntracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recordingLanguage acquisitionNeural pruningNeurolinguisticsOntogenyPediatric epilepsy surgeryPhysiological high-frequency oscillations (HFOs)Subdural grid electrodes

More Related Videos

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
10:31

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity

Published on: August 18, 2020

5.6K
Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve
11:27

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Published on: March 18, 2013

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

16.5K
In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
10:31

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity

Published on: August 18, 2020

5.6K
Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve
11:27

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Published on: March 18, 2013

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Auditory Processing

Background:

  • Language acquisition involves learning to ignore irrelevant auditory signals for efficient processing.
  • Neural spatiotemporal dynamics supporting the detection and disregard of irrelevant auditory information in the developing brain are not well understood.
  • The superior temporal gyrus (STG) exhibits an anterior-to-posterior functional division in adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the developmental acquisition of cost-efficient neural dynamics for auditory processing.
  • To characterize the neural spatiotemporal dynamics supporting the detection and disregard of irrelevant auditory information in the developing brain.
  • To provide evidence for the maturation of the anterior-to-posterior functional division within the STG.

Main Methods:

  • Intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) was used in 32 patients (8 months to 28 years) with drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • High-gamma amplitude (70-110 Hz) was quantified to measure neural costs related to processing forward speech, backward speech, and noise.
  • Group-level high-gamma dynamics were animated on a 3D brain surface, and the contribution of age to these dynamics was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Developmental enhancement of early high-gamma augmentation and diminution of delayed augmentation were observed in response to noise in the STG.
  • Anterior-to-posterior functional parcellation in the STG was demonstrated, with sustained speech-related high-gamma activity in the anterior STG and transient activity in the posterior STG.
  • A double dissociation was found: early left anterior STG high-gamma augmentation increased with age, while delayed left posterior STG high-gamma augmentation decreased with age.

Conclusions:

  • The human STG refines neural dynamics with age to rapidly detect and disregard uninformative acoustic noises.
  • The anterior-to-posterior functional division within the left STG strengthens with development for efficient speech-sound perception.
  • These findings support a model of age-related refinement in auditory processing neural dynamics.