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Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE
Published on: July 29, 2014
Essential role of Rnd1 in innate immunity during viral and bacterial infections
Akhilesh Kumar1, Shalabh Mishra1, Ashish Kumar1,2
1Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, India.
Abstract:
Intracellular and cell surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are an essential part of innate immune recognition and host defense. Here, we have compared the innate immune responses between humans and bats to identify a novel membrane-associated protein, Rnd1, which defends against viral and bacterial infection in an interferon-independent manner. Rnd1 belongs to the Rho GTPase family, but unlike other small GTPase members, it is constitutively active. We show that Rnd1 is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines during viral and bacterial infections and provides protection against these pathogens through two distinct mechanisms. Rnd1 counteracts intracellular calcium fluctuations by inhibiting RhoA activation, thereby inhibiting virus internalisation. On the other hand, Rnd1 also facilitates pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α through Plxnb1, which are highly effective against intracellular bacterial infections. These data provide a novel Rnd1-mediated innate defense against viral and bacterial infections.
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