Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

374
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
374
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

700
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
700
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

225
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
225
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

344
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
344
Depressants01:28

Depressants

184
Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
184
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

1.2K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adolescent stress and alcohol are associated with CX<sub>3</sub>CR1-linked endocrine-cardiac signatures and anxiety-like behavior in mice.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

Alcohol-fluoxetine co-treatment drives gut dysbiosis and intestinal barrier disruption with consequences for neuroimmune signaling in male rats.

Neuropharmacology·2026
Same author

Maternal deprivation and adolescent alcohol exposure induce sex-dependent alterations in stress-related behavior and lipid signaling in rats.

Biology of sex differences·2026
Same author

Plasma Concentrations of Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide and High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Are Consistent Sex-Specific Biomarkers of Alcohol Abstinence Associated with Alcohol Use Disorder.

Toxics·2026
Same author

Cell-based regenerative interventions in Parkinson's disease: Overcoming pharmacological limitations.

Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B·2026
Same author

Mobile Phone Craving in Spain: Associations with Impulsivity, Anxiety, Gaming Problem, and Gambling Severity.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.0K

Alcohol-Endocannabinoid Interactions: Implications for Addiction-Related Behavioral Processes.

Antonia Serrano1,2, Luis A Natividad3

  • 1Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.

Alcohol Research : Current Reviews
|June 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Alcohol consumption disrupts the brain

Keywords:
2-arachidonoylglycerolalcoholanandamideanxietycannabinoidsdependenceeffects on the brainreinforcing

More Related Videos

Flypub To Study Ethanol Induced Behavioral Disinhibition and Sensitization
08:13

Flypub To Study Ethanol Induced Behavioral Disinhibition and Sensitization

Published on: May 18, 2020

6.7K
The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.0K
Flypub To Study Ethanol Induced Behavioral Disinhibition and Sensitization
08:13

Flypub To Study Ethanol Induced Behavioral Disinhibition and Sensitization

Published on: May 18, 2020

6.7K
The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • The endogenous cannabinoid system regulates central nervous system functions, including reward pathways and emotional balance.
  • Endocannabinoid signaling in the brain is implicated in processing drug-induced rewards and addiction progression.
  • Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with pathological changes in brain activity due to repeated alcohol exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on the interaction between alcohol exposure and endocannabinoid signaling.
  • To explore how these interactions contribute to the development and progression of alcohol use disorder.
  • To examine the potential therapeutic strategies targeting the endocannabinoid system for AUD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search using keywords such as "alcohol/ethanol" and "endocannabinoids".
  • Inclusion of review articles and primary research focusing on reinforcement and addiction behavior.
  • Exclusion of studies with a broad focus on psychiatric disorders or polysubstance abuse.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol consumption perturbs endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic transmission in the brain.
  • Modulation of alcohol-related behaviors is achievable by manipulating endocannabinoid system elements.
  • Dysregulated endocannabinoid function contributes to anxiety-like behavior during alcohol withdrawal.

Conclusions:

  • The endocannabinoid system plays a critical role in the neurobiology of alcohol use disorder.
  • Targeting the endocannabinoid system may offer therapeutic benefits for AUD.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential of enhancing endocannabinoid tone in AUD.