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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Published on: July 2, 2013

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Gingival Mucosa in Type 2 Diabetes.

Q Wang¹, W Lin¹, X Zhou¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Journal of Dental Research

|June 3, 2022

Summary

Type 2 diabetes disrupts the gingival barrier, causing immune cell dysfunction. "Immune-like" fibroblasts contribute to periodontal damage by promoting inflammation and altering immune responses in diabetic mice.

Keywords:

gingiva barrier oral mucosal immunity periodontitis single-cell RNA sequencing

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Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

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Published on: July 2, 2013

Isolation, Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network

Isolation, Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network

Published on: February 16, 2016

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

Published on: September 30, 2018

Area of Science:

Oral biology
Immunology
Endocrinology

Background:

The oral gingival barrier maintains homeostasis but is vulnerable to inflammatory periodontal diseases.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to gingival barrier dysfunction, yet mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate gingival heterogeneity and cellular mechanisms in Type 2 diabetes using a mouse model.
To elucidate the role of fibroblasts and immune cells in diabetes-associated periodontal pathology.

Main Methods:

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of gingival tissue from leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) and control mice.
Histological analysis to assess cellular composition and tissue structure.

Main Results:

Diabetic (db/db) gingiva showed a reduced epithelial/stromal ratio and impaired barrier function.
Fibroblasts exhibited immune hyperresponsiveness, attracting myeloid cells and promoting inflammation.
Evidence suggests fibroblast-neutrophil interactions drive diabetes-induced periodontal damage.
Transcriptional analysis revealed "immune-like" stromal cells contributing to IL-17A hyperresponsiveness.

Conclusions:

"Immune-like" fibroblasts with diverse transcriptional profiles play a role in innate immune homeostasis in diabetic gingiva.
These fibroblasts are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related periodontal disease.