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Oral Cavity-A Resilient Source for DNA Sampling.

Sujatha Govindarajan1, Vishnu P Veeraraghavan2, Theerthika Dillibabu3

  • 1Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dental tissues are a resilient source of DNA, crucial for inherited genomic information. Their resistance to harsh conditions preserves DNA effectively for various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule carrying inherited genetic information within the cell nucleus.
  • Dental tissues, including enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, and periodontal ligament, are known for their durability.
  • This durability makes them valuable sources for DNA extraction, even after exposure to adverse environmental conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential of dental tissues as a reliable source for DNA extraction.
  • To emphasize the resistance of dental tissues to various degradation factors.
  • To identify specific dental structures rich in DNA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on DNA extraction from dental tissues.
  • Analysis of the structural components of teeth and surrounding bone relevant to DNA preservation.
  • Identification of specific cell types and tissue regions yielding high DNA concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Dental tissues demonstrate significant resistance to chemical and physical stressors (humidity, microbial action, high temperatures).
  • DNA can be successfully recovered from multiple dental sources: dentin, cellular cementum, pulp, root canals, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone.
  • The highest DNA concentrations are found in the root body, followed by the root tip, coronal body, and coronal tip, with pulp and cementocytes being particularly rich sources. Odontoblastic processes are noted for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Conclusions:

  • Dental tissues represent an exceptional and robust source for DNA recovery.
  • The inherent resistance of these tissues ensures DNA integrity, making them suitable for forensic and research purposes.
  • Understanding the distribution of DNA within dental structures aids in optimizing extraction strategies.