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The Association Between Smoking Status and Breast Cancer Recurrence: A Systematic Review.

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Active smoking after breast cancer (BC) diagnosis is linked to higher recurrence risks. Quitting smoking post-diagnosis is recommended, though more research is needed on long-term outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Smoking is a known risk factor for cancer development.
  • The impact of smoking status on breast cancer (BC) recurrence requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between active and passive smoking and breast cancer recurrence events.
  • To synthesize existing evidence on smoking and BC outcomes post-diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of multiple databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, Web of Science).
  • Inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to 5,940 retrieved articles, with 14 selected for full review.
  • Synthesis of data from retrospective cohort, case-control, prospective cohort, and randomized trial secondary analyses.

Main Results:

  • Six of eight studies on active smoking indicated an increased risk of BC recurrence.
  • Two studies found no significant association between active smoking and BC recurrence.
  • Limited evidence suggests former smokers do not face an increased recurrence risk; association may be dose-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence, though limited, suggests active smoking after BC diagnosis is associated with higher recurrence rates.
  • Recommendations include encouraging active smokers to quit post-diagnosis.
  • Further robust research is necessary to confirm these associations and study the benefits of smoking cessation in BC patients.