Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

686
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
686
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.4K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
4.4K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

5.2K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
5.2K
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

1.6K
Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
1.6K
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

2.0K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
2.0K
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

4.3K
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Smoking during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Endocrine·2023
Same author

Thyroid autoimmunity following alemtuzumab treatment in multiple sclerosis patients: a prospective study.

Clinical and experimental medicine·2023
Same author

COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Hormones (Athens, Greece)·2022
Same author

Screening and management of major endocrinopathies during pregnancy: an update.

Endocrine·2022
Same author

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus present similar immunological response to COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to healthy subjects: a prospective cohort study.

Hormones (Athens, Greece)·2022
Same author

The effect of allopurinol on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.

Hormones (Athens, Greece)·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.9K

Benign and malignant thyroid nodules with autoimmune thyroiditis.

Georgia N Kassi1, Catherine C Evangelopoulou2, Konstantinos D Papapostolou2

  • 1Endocrine Unit, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|June 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) occurs with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) at similar rates as with benign nodules. Early diagnosis of PTC has led to a low incidence of advanced disease.

Keywords:
Thyroid nodulesautoimmune thyroiditispapillary thyroid cancer

More Related Videos

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

21.2K
Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.9K
An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

21.2K
Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) prevalence in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains debated.
  • Understanding the coexistence of AT with thyroid nodules is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the frequency of AT coexistence in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) versus benign thyroid nodules.
  • To investigate factors associated with AT in PTC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study of 1088 patients operated on for thyroid nodules (January 2011-April 2021).
  • Cytopathological diagnosis post-thyroidectomy assessed AT presence.
  • Comparison of AT frequency between benign nodules and PTC.
  • Logistic regression analysis for AT predictors in PTC.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in AT prevalence between PTC (28%) and benign nodules (25%).
  • PTC nodules were significantly smaller than benign nodules, both with and without AT.
  • Multifocality was the only significant predictor of AT in PTC (OR: 1.750).
  • Low incidences of lymph node involvement and advanced stage PTC were observed, irrespective of AT presence.

Conclusions:

  • Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) nodules are not more likely to coexist with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) than benign nodules.
  • The low incidence of advanced PTC suggests improved early-stage diagnosis and effective management strategies.