[Multiple sclerosis : a neurological dysimmune inflammatory disease]

Area of Science:

• Neuroimmunology
• Neurology
• Pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease targeting the central nervous system's white and grey matter.
• Its pathophysiology involves a multifactorial interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, with recent emphasis on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) involvement.
• Advanced imaging and neuropathology reveal distinct focal and diffuse inflammatory processes underlying MS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of multiple sclerosis pathophysiology.
• To highlight recent therapeutic advancements and strategies for managing MS.
• To emphasize the importance of precise, early, and individualized treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on multiple sclerosis pathophysiology and treatment.
• Analysis of imaging techniques and neuropathological findings in MS.
• Evaluation of recent therapeutic advances and their impact on disease progression.

Main Results:

• Significant therapeutic progress has been made, with various treatment options demonstrating positive effects on slowing disability progression.
• Effective management requires precise follow-up and the early, optimal use of diverse therapeutic strategies.
• Treatment choices aim for clinical and imaging stabilization while minimizing excessive side effect risks.

Conclusions:

• Continuous and sequential treatment options are available for multiple sclerosis.
• Personalized therapeutic strategies are crucial for achieving disease control and improving patient outcomes.
• A comprehensive approach integrating pathophysiology knowledge and treatment advances is key to managing MS effectively.